英國文學選讀上名詞解釋(中英文版)

1、ByronicheroAproudmysteriousrebelliousgloomyfigureofnobleiginwithfierypassionsunbendingwillexpressesByron’sownidealoffreedom.Herisesagainsttyrannyinjusticebuthe’smerelyalonefighterstrivingfpersonalfreedom.SonAsonisa14line

2、lyricpoemwithasingletheme.Sonsvarybutareusuallywritteniniambicpentameterfollowingoneoftwotraditionalpatterns:thePetrarchanItaliansontheShakespeareanEnglishson.Asongenerallyexpressesasinglethemeidea.SonSon是一種歐洲傳統(tǒng)的非常有影響力的詩

3、歌形式。從形式上來說它有14行詩構成，通常是五步抑揚格，有著嚴格的特定的押韻方式。莎士比亞的十四行詩非常出名。LakePoetsTheLakePoetsalllivedintheLakeDistrictofEnglattheturnofthenieenthcentury.Asagrouptheyfollowednosingle“school“ofthoughtliterarypracticethenknownalthoughtheirw

4、kswereunifmlydisparagedbytheEdinburghReview.TheyareconsideredpartoftheRomanticMovement早期浪漫主義詩人Wdswth，Coleridge和Southey，也被稱為湖畔派詩人。他們都住在英國西北部的湖區(qū)，并且在文學和社會見解上有著一致性。湖畔派詩人主要回憶快樂的舊英格蘭時代，把自然看作是精神上的避難所，因為他們懼怕即將到來的工業(yè)化和城市化。Metaphys

5、icalpoetry（玄學派詩歌）（玄學派詩歌）Metaphysicalpoetryiscommonlyusedtonamethewkofthe17thcenturywriterswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.2witharebelliousspirit，theMetaphysicalpoetstriedtobreakawayfromtheconventionalfashionoftheEli

6、zabethanlovepoetry.3thedictionissimpleascomparedwiththatoftheElizabethantheNeoclassicalperiods，echoesthewdscadencesofcommonspeech.4theimageryisdrawnfromactuallife.MetaphysicalpoetsisatermcoinedbythepoetcriticSamuelJohnso

7、ntodescribealoosegroupofBritishlyricpoetsofthe17thcenturywhosewkwasacterizedbytheinventiveuseofconceitsbyspeculationabouttopicssuchaslovereligion.JohnDonneisthemostimptantrepresentative.玄學派詩歌玄學派詩歌一般用來稱呼那些在JohnDonne影響下寫作的

8、作家的作品。玄學派詩人一種背叛精神去試著打破傳統(tǒng)的伊麗莎白愛情詩的束縛。玄學詩歌多使用巧智（witconceit），結構精巧（ingeniousstructure），韻律多變（irregularmeter），語言口語化（colloquiallanguage），意象奇特（elabateimagery），并把不同的事物并置（adrawingtogetherofdissimilaridea）。它們的意象多來源于現(xiàn)實生活。Neoclassici

9、sm（新古典主義）Inthefieldofliteraturetheenlightenmentmovementbroughtaboutarevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalwks.2thistendencyisknownasneoclassicism.TheNeoclassicistsheldthatfmsofliteratureweretobemodeledaftertheclassicalwksoft

10、heancientGreekRomanw14.Streamofconsciousness（interimonologue）Inliterarycriticism，Streamofconsciousnessdenotesaliterarytechniquewhichseekstodescribeanindividual?spointofviewbygivingthewrittenequivalentoftheacter?sthoughtp

11、rocesses.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisstronglyassociatedwiththemodernistmovement.Itsintroductionintheliterarycontext，transferredfrompsychology，isattributedtoMaySinclair.Streamofconsciousnesswritingisusuallyregardedasasp

12、ecialfmofinterimonologueisacterizedbyassociativeleapsinsyntaxpunctuationthatcanmaketheprosedifficulttofollow，tracingastheydoaacter?sfragmentarythoughtssensyfeelings.FamouswriterstoemploythistechniqueintheEnglishlanguagei

13、ncludeJamesJoyceWilliamFaulkner.學術界認為意識流是一種通過直接描述人物思維過程來尋求個人視角的文學寫作技巧。意識流是現(xiàn)代主義運動的體現(xiàn)，它首先出現(xiàn)在心現(xiàn)學領域，由梅。辛克拉提出的，后引進文學領域。意識流寫作通常被認為是一種特殊形式的內(nèi)心獨白。它的特別是聯(lián)想性，以句法和標點的跳躍，文章的晦澀難懂為特征。來表現(xiàn)人物的片斷思維和感官性直覺。比較著名的使用此技巧的有喬伊斯。?？思{。MetaphysicalPoet

14、ry(玄學派詩歌)Thepoemsof17thcenturyEnglishpoetswhoseverseisacterizedbyanintellectuallychallengingstyleextendedmetaphscomparingverydissimilarthings.玄學派詩歌：17世紀英國詩人的詩歌，這種詩歌的特點是風格極具智慧，引人深思，善用引申的暗喻來對比極其不同的事物.Realism(現(xiàn)實主義)Therepres

15、entationinartliteratureofobjectsactionssocialconditionsastheyactuallyarewithoutidealizationpresentationinabstractfm.現(xiàn)實主義：在藝術或文學中將事物，行為或社會狀況按其起初情況進行的表現(xiàn)，而不用模糊的形式來表現(xiàn)或理想化Soliloquyistheactoftalkingtooneselfwhethersilentlyalou

16、d.Indramaitdenotestheconventionbywhichaacteraloneonthestageuttershisherthoughtsaloud.Playwrightshaveusedthisdeviceasaconvenientwaytoconveyinfmationaboutaacter’smotivesstateofmindfpurposeofexpositionsometimesindertoguidet